Quick comparison
| Nylon | Cotton | |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Synthetic, petrochemical-based | Natural, plant-based |
| Strength and abrasion resistance | High | Moderate |
| Breathability | Lower, varies with construction | Generally good |
| Water absorption | Low | High |
| Drying time | Fast | Slow |
| Stretch | Some natural elasticity | Little unless blended |
| Shrinkage | Low | Can shrink, especially in hot water |
| Feel | Smooth, sometimes slick | Soft, natural |
These are general tendencies. Weave, knit, finishing and blends change the result.
Durability and strength
Nylon is known for resisting abrasion, tearing and repeated stress, which is why it is used in backpacks, outerwear linings, ropes and hosiery. Cotton is durable enough for everyday clothing and gets softer with washing, but it generally wears out faster under heavy friction.
On the PAA question of the world’s toughest fabric: there is no single answer (see the most durable fabric for more). Specialist fibers such as aramids and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene are used where extreme strength is needed, and tightly woven nylon is often used for tough consumer gear. Cotton is not usually in that group.
Breathability and comfort
Cotton fibers absorb moisture and let air pass through reasonably well, so cotton fabric tends to feel comfortable in warm weather. Nylon absorbs little moisture, so sweat can sit on the surface or between skin and fabric, and tightly woven nylon can feel warm. Some nylon knits are engineered to move moisture away from the skin, so the experience varies by product.
What happens when each gets wet
Nylon takes up only a small amount of water, so it dries quickly and often feels lighter when wet than cotton. This is useful for swimwear, rain shells and travel clothing. Cotton soaks up water, becomes heavy, and can take a long time to dry. A wet cotton garment can feel cold against the skin in cool weather, which is one reason hikers often avoid it.
Skin sensitivity
Cotton is a common choice for sensitive skin and for items worn close to the body, and many people find it comfortable. Nylon is smooth and soft in many garments, but some people notice sweating, chafing or irritation during long wear, especially in tight styles. Dyes and finishes can also irritate skin in either fabric. If you have a skin condition, speak with a healthcare professional. For a broader look at nylon’s pros and cons, see is nylon good or bad.
Care, shrinkage and drying
- Cotton may shrink the first few times it is washed, especially in hot water or a hot dryer, and it tends to wrinkle.
- Nylon is less prone to shrinking (see do synthetic fabrics shrink) and wrinkling, but it can be damaged by a very hot iron or dryer, and it can build up static.
- Always follow the care label, which accounts for any blend or finish.
Environmental trade-offs
Cotton is a renewable plant fiber that is biodegradable when untreated, but growing it can use a lot of water and land, and farming practices vary widely. Nylon is made from fossil-fuel-based raw materials, does not break down easily, and can shed microplastic fibers in the wash. Organic or certified cotton and recycled nylon exist, but they come with their own trade-offs. The most reliable lever for either fiber is to buy well and wear items for a long time.
Which to choose for what
- Everyday T-shirts, underwear and sleepwear: cotton is a common, comfortable pick (see types of cotton for T-shirts).
- Rain jackets, windbreakers and bags: nylon.
- Swimwear and quick-dry travel clothes: nylon or nylon blends (see sewing swimsuit fabric).
- Casual trousers and shirts: cotton, or cotton with a little stretch fiber.
- Hard-wearing socks: blends that include nylon for strength.
If you are also weighing blends, our article on cotton vs cotton polyester blend explains how mixing cotton with a synthetic changes the fabric.
Common questions
Is nylon 100% cotton?
No. Nylon is a synthetic fiber and cotton is a natural plant fiber. They are completely different materials, though they are sometimes blended in one fabric.
What’s better, 100% polyester or 100% cotton?
It depends on the use. Polyester is usually durable and quick-drying, while cotton is typically more breathable and softer. Many everyday garments use a blend. See is poly cotton soft for how blends feel.
Which is better, nylon or cotton?
Neither wins everywhere. Nylon suits activities involving water, abrasion or travel, and cotton suits everyday comfort in warmer conditions.